| One of the
most challenging things you can do with your nanolight is to turn off
the engine and let nature become your power source. It's not for
everyone. You need to be confident of your equipment and you need
to be willing to fly in conditions that will occasionally make you
sweat. It's a far cry from just buzzing around the countryside
in smooth air, but the satisfaction and sense of achievement will be
worth it.
Just a warning though. Thermal
conditions are potentially hazardous. The severity of turbulence
can sometimes be unpredictable and while it's rare, hang gliders
get broken occasionally in the air. If you're flying a power
system attached to a hang glider, it's an activity generally not
supported by the hang glider manufacturer, and you should be aware that
you may be taking a larger risk. In particular, you should study
hang gliding texts on micrometeorology so that you can avoid
potentially dangerous situations.
You will need:
- A nanolight suitable for the
task (see below)
- A variometer/altimeter is highly
recommended
- A backup parachute, recently
repacked, designed for the weight range of your nanolight is essential.
If purchasing a nanolight from a manufacturer, they should have made
allowance for this and should be able to recommend one.
Some nanolights are designed mainly as a
cheap alternative to the bigger trikes, or are just conversions of
powered paraglider units and are not really designed with soaring
in mind. When looking for a good thermalling trike, look
for:
- Light weight. The
unit plus you should not exceed the maximum recommended pilot weight
for the wing to be used. Sure, the wing may be strong
enough to take it, but sink rate performance and speed/glide will be
compromised severely if you go outside the range, as flex wings distort
under excess load. Try to be about
10kg under the top of the range if you can manage it. Of course, if you're buying a commercial
unit, be sure to ask the manufacturer to see documentation of their
ultimate load testing for the trike, hang bracket and engine mount
system. They have a duty of care to provide a safe, strong unit.
- Plenty of push-out available.
It's amazing how much push-out you need when really cranking it around
in a tight thermal. You should not have to lean forward to reach
the bar when thermalling. It should be comfortable.
- Plenty of pull-in available.
If the wing has to be set up with a "reversed" speed bar
in order to have a comfortable bar position, then it's not suitable in
that configuration. The speed bar should be comfortable in
the standard (belly forward) setup, to allow you extra pull-in for
speed. You will need it sometimes in big air or in interthermal
glides to get out of sink.
- I recommend a limited yaw
universal joint. This is not everyone's cup of tea, but
I find it really helps allow you to do more efficient turns and will
increase your capability to handle crosswinds on launch and
landing. Your
mileage may vary, but I think most ex-hang glider pilots will
appreciate the capability.
- Laid-back seating.
The bolt up-right seating position of many nanolights makes them
drag-buckets.
- Look
for a machine that offers as little drag as possible. Pods
and spats can help, but often
manufacturers set them up for use as wind-breakers in motorised flight
rather than to reduce drag. Hang the trike up from a hook, sit in
it and see what angle the pod* makes to the horizontal. It should point
down at about the anticipated wing glide angle. Likewise with the
long axis of wheel spats.
*Note: the POD , not the trike! The nosewheel should be higher by a few inches
than the mains when you hang the trike this way so that the mains always touch down first.
Similarly, look for a unit that reduces the drag of gear legs and mast/nose strut and exposed rear trike keel hardware either via geometry or fairing.
Finding a Thermal
One of the advantages of having a
nanolight is what I call the "guaranteed first thermal".
In normal hang gliding when you are launching from a hill, being towed
behind a vehicle or aerotowed, it is all too common to have to repeat
the launch before finding a consistent thermal. In your
nanolight, you can simply leave the motor on in a search pattern until
you find a thermal, and then simply throttle back while working it
until you have determined that it's worth turning the engine off.
(My own machine has a fairly poor climb rate, especially at the high
density altitudes that you encounter on warm summer days, so I
generally have to find some lift just to get a decent climb anyhow.)
Once you leave a thermal, try to fly a
straight line toward your goal, unless there are obvious thermal
markers/sources around. Do not let the air shift you off course,
as thermals have a tendency to push you away from them.
If you are used to
"normal" triking - that is, flying on mild weather days mainly in the
morning and the evening, and you've not thermalled a hang glider
before, you are in for a bit of a shock. While
some thermals can be mild - basically just areas of gently lift and
sink, others can be dramatic. You will often be turned up on a
wingtip, sometimes see your noseplate below the horizon as you go "over
the falls" exiting a thermal, or be holding on hard as the nose goes up
as you enter a strong core. You will get used to holding a
steepish 360 degree turn for minutes on end. (One of the most
common mistakes new thermalling pilots make is not to turn tight
enough!).
Tips for beginners:
Thermals can be visualised as a
"column" of warm rising air, surrounded by slowly or quickly sinking
air. Within the column, there will usually be one or more "cores"
where the air is rising at maximum strength. The reality is more
complex, but this model seems to serve well for a start.
Your job is to try to keep your wing
in a thermal core as efficiently as possible, because thermals don't
last forever, and if you hang around not trying to maximise your climb,
you're just as likely to fall out the bottom of it as it passes you by.
There are plenty of tried and true
methods for "centreing" thermals.
- If a wing lifts, it's probably
because of lift in the direction of that wing, so if possible, turn
toward the lifting wing. If you can't get the wing down, speed up
a bit and then use the additional control to turn back toward the
lift. Trying to do a 270 degree turn to get into it will usually
waste altitude.
- If your vario indicates more lift
in one section of a circle, open up the turn for a second or two in
that region, then tighten it again. This is the most common way of
getting into the core.
- Don't be scared to turn hard in
strong lift.
- If the lift is too violent, go
somewhere else. There'll be other days.
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